The Christian message in Lord of the Rings touched me in
ways that the Christian message in Narnia didn’t and couldn’t, and it wasn’t
just because its subtlety and complexity, it was because of its humanity.
Narnia says – a huge divine lion that is Jesus will sacrifice itself for you.
Lord of the Rings says – ordinary people will be called on to sacrifice
themselves for one another, ordinary people who are no better or worse than
you, in fact you might be the one who is called. Aslan walks to his death, but
he’s superhuman, he’s above suffering. Meanwhile Frodo’s suffering is visceral
and human and small and sad and increasingly uncomfortable to watch, which makes
him a much better Christ figure. (And of course he isn’t exactly meant
to be a Christ figure, he’s the everyman, he’s your neighbour, he’s a WW1 soldier,
he’s just a little guy who has to take on unthinkable suffering to save the
world, which probably brings us back around to Christ, but a very human version
of Christ.)
In Narnia, divine providence and intervention tends to come in the form of a
huge divine Jesus lion. In Lord of the Rings, providence manifests as a
new-found ability, within you, to make the right choice or to shoulder the
difficult task. It manifests as a fortunate coincidence that is nevertheless
built on your own, and other people’s, previous actions. And when you are
entirely lost, providence manifests as another small and fallible human being
physically picking you up. Yes, there are eagles, but the eagles come after
salvation, not before.
And then there are C.S. Lewis’ attitudes to death. He may have changed his mind
in his later writings, I don’t know, but I read The Last Battle as a teen, and
remained blazingly angry about its attitude to death for about a decade, until
I read Lewis’s Screwtape Letters, put two and two together, and from that
point, I just felt hollow. On some
level, Lewis genuinely believed it is good for a good person to die, even to
die young, because then there’s no more risk of them doing a sin and becoming
bad. I simply cannot accept a worldview where three young people dying in a
train crash is actually good because they are going to heaven.
Whereas
Tolkien’s capable of acknowledging that death and grief and loss are painful,
and he makes the point that we should accept mortality not because it’s good,
but because the futile struggle against death will cost us all the valuable
things we could have been doing with our lives. The Silmarillion and other
posthumously published writings (Atrabeth) really engage with themes of
mortality and immortality, and how immortal elves are led astray by their wish
to avoid change just like mortal men are led astray by their wish to avoid
death. And nowhere in his writings does Tolkien resolve the Fate of Men by
saying that of course they go to heaven when they die. There is no
answer, no easy solution, no faith offering perfect solace, nothing to defang
the moral and spiritual quandary. Mortal Men in Tolkien’s world have to live
good, noble lives, and have to die good, noble deaths without any certainty of
what happens after death. Tolkien has faith in God, but Tolkien’s characters
have to make their choices without threat of divine punishment or hope of
divine reward, which is the only way to write coherently about morality. Or
people. Or anything.